After studying at the Versailles Conservatoire in the class of Gaston Longatte and then Michel Descarsin, Hélène Devilleneuve entered the Conservatoire national supérieur de musique et de danse de Paris (CNSMP), where she won first prize for oboe (class of David Walter and Maurice Bourgue) and first prize for chamber music (class of Christian Lardé), before continuing her studies with Maurice Bourgue and Jean-Louis Capezzali, also at the CNSMP. In 1994, she was a laureate of the Tokyo International Oboe Competition.
Hélène Devilleneuve joined the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra of Flanders (deFilharmonie) in Antwerp as principal oboist in 1992, before being appointed principal oboist of the Radio France Philharmonic Orchestra alongside Jean-Louis Capezzali in 1995, a position she still holds today. She has played under the baton of Marek Janowski, Myung-Whun Chung, Pierre Boulez, Gustavo Dudamel, Vladimir Fedosseïev, Mikko Franck, Valeri Guerguiev, Jukka-Pekka Saraste and Esa-Pekka Salonen.
In the field of chamber music, she joined the Ensemble Court-Circuit in 1991, where she performed works by Gérard Grisey, Marc-André Dalbavie and Michael Jarrell in particular. She also performs with the Ensemble Ictus, the Ensemble intercontemporain and as a partner of the Trio Wanderer, the Quatuor Chilingirian, the Quatuor Sine Nomine, pianist François-Frédéric Guy and cellist Jean-Guihen Queyras.